19 research outputs found
Simulating terahertz quantum cascade lasers: Trends from samples from different labs
We present a systematic comparison of the results from our non-equilibrium
Green's function formalism with a large number of AlGaAs-GaAs terahertz quantum
cascade lasers previously published in the literature. Employing identical
material and simulation parameters for all samples, we observe that
discrepancies between measured and calculated peak currents are similar for
samples from a given group. This suggests that the differences between
experiment and theory are partly due to a lacking reproducibility for devices
fabricated at different laboratories. Varying the interface roughness height
for different devices, we find that the peak current under lasing operation
hardly changes, so that differences in interface quality appear not to be the
sole reason for the lacking reproducibility.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures; section VI with 2 figures added in v2; accepted
for publication in J. Appl. Phy
Superlattice gain in positive differential conductivity region
We analyze theoretically a superlattice structure proposed by A. Andronov et
al. [JETP Lett 102, 207 (2015)] to give Terahertz gain for an operation point
with positive differential conductivity. Here we confirm the existence of gain
and show that an optimized structure displays gain above 20 cm at low
temperatures, so that lasing may be observable. Comparing a variety of
simulations, this gain is found to be strongly affected by elastic scattering.
It is shown that the dephasing modifies the nature of the relevant states, so
that the common analysis based on Wannier-Stark states is not reliable for a
quantitative description of the gain in structures with extremely diagonal
transitions.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Nonlinear response of quantum cascade structures
The gain spectrum of a terahertz quantum cascade laser is analysed by a non
equilibrium Green's functions approach. Higher harmonics of the response
function were retrievable, providing a way to approach nonlinear phenomena in
quantum cascade lasers theoretically. Gain is simulated under operation
conditions and results are presented both for linear response and strong laser
fields. An iterative way of reconstructing the field strength inside the laser
cavity at lasing conditions is described using a measured value of the level of
the losses of the studied system. Comparison with recent experimental data from
time-domain-spectroscopy indicates that the experimental situation is beyond
linear response.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures included in text, to appear in Applied Physics
Letter
Ignition of quantum cascade lasers in a state of oscillating electric field domains
Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCLs) are generally designed to avoid negative
differential conductivity (NDC) in the vicinity of the operation point in order
to prevent instabilities. We demonstrate, that the threshold condition is
possible under an inhomogeneous distribution of the electric field (domains)
and leads to lasing at an operation point with a voltage bias normally
attributed to the NDC region. For our example, a Terahertz QCL operating up to
the current maximum temperature of 199 K, the theoretical findings agree well
with the experimental observations. In particular, we experimentally observe
self-sustained oscillations with GHz frequency before and after threshold.
These are attributed to traveling domains by our simulations. Overcoming the
design paradigm to avoid NDC may allow for the further optimization of QCLs
with less dissipation due to stabilizing background current.Comment: 22 page
Simple electron-electron scattering in non-equilibrium Green's function simulations
In this work we include electron-electron interaction beyond Hartree-Fock level in our non-equilibrium Green's function approach by a crude form of GW through the Single Plasmon Pole Approximation. This is achieved by treating all conduction band electrons as a single effective band screening the Coulomb potential. We describe the corresponding self-energies in this scheme for a multi-subband system. In order to apply the formalism to heterostructures we discuss the screening and plasmon dispersion in both 2D and 3D systems. Results are shown for a four well quantum cascade laser with different doping concentration where comparisons to experimental findings can be made
Implementing an Insect Brain Computational Circuit Using III–V Nanowire Components in a Single Shared Waveguide Optical Network
Recent developments in photonics include efficient nanoscale optoelectronic
components and novel methods for sub-wavelength light manipulation. Here, we
explore the potential offered by such devices as a substrate for neuromorphic
computing. We propose an artificial neural network in which the weighted
connectivity between nodes is achieved by emitting and receiving overlapping
light signals inside a shared quasi 2D waveguide. This decreases the circuit
footprint by at least an order of magnitude compared to existing optical
solutions. The reception, evaluation and emission of the optical signals are
performed by a neuron-like node constructed from known, highly efficient III-V
nanowire optoelectronics. This minimizes power consumption of the network. To
demonstrate the concept, we build a computational model based on an
anatomically correct, functioning model of the central-complex navigation
circuit of the insect brain. We simulate in detail the optical and electronic
parts required to reproduce the connectivity of the central part of this
network, using experimentally derived parameters. The results are used as input
in the full model and we demonstrate that the functionality is preserved. Our
approach points to a general method for drastically reducing the footprint and
improving power efficiency of optoelectronic neural networks, leveraging the
superior speed and energy efficiency of light as a carrier of information.Comment: 28 pages, 6 figures; supplementary information 15 pages, 8 figure
Domain formation and self-sustained oscillations in quantum cascade lasers
Abstract: We study oscillations in quantum cascade lasers due to traveling electric field domains, which are observed both in simulations and experiments. These oscillations occur in a range of negative differential resistance and we clarify the condition determining whether the boundary between domains of different electric field can become stationary. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]